![]() We will define a mass scale in which the unit is the mass of the cart (including the force probe), called one cart mass (0.5 kg). The cable must not interfere with the motion of the cart and must not be seen by the motion detector.)Ģ. (Be sure that the force probe does not extend beyond the end of the cart. The force probe should be fastened securely to the cart. Set up the ramp, pulley, cart, string, motion detector, and force probe as shown in the figure that follows. By measuring the acceleration of different mass carts, you can find a mathematical relationship between the acceleration of the cart and its mass, when the force applied by the string is kept constant.ġ. You can easily change the mass of the cart by attaching masses to it, and you can apply the same force each time by using a string attached to appropriate hanging masses. spring scale with a maximum reading of 5 N.variety of masses to increase the mass of the cart, totaling 2-3 times the mass of the cart.RealTime Physics Mechanics experiment configuration files.In this investigation you will explore the mathematical relationship between acceleration and mass when you apply the same constant force to carts of different mass. For example, compare the different accelerations that would result if you pushed a 1000 kg (metric ton) automobile and a 1 kg cart, with the same force! But when you apply a force to an object, you know that the object’s mass has a significant effect on its acceleration. ![]() In previous activities you have applied forces to a cart having the same mass in each case and examined its motion. Investigation 1: Force, Mass and Acceleration In Investigation 2 you will study more carefully the definitions of the units in which we express force, mass, and acceleration. In Investigation 1 of this lab you will study how the amount of “stuff” (mass) experiencing a force affects the magnitude of its acceleration. What if a force were applied to an object having a larger mass? A smaller mass? How would this affect the acceleration of the object? Newton’s first and second laws of motion are very powerful! They allow you to relate the net force on an object to its subsequent motion, and to make mathematical predictions of the object’s motion. (You will see later that friction can be treated as a force and included in the calculation of net force.) The law that describes constant velocity motion of an object is Newton’s first law of motion. In a class demonstration, you have also seen that for an object to move at a constant velocity (zero acceleration) when friction is negligible, the combined or net force on the object is zero. These observations can be summarized by Newton’s second law of motion. If the combined force is constant, then the acceleration is also constant. If the combined force is not zero, then the object will accelerate. You have seen that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the combined or net force acting on the object. You will do this by combining careful definitions of force and mass with observations of the mathematical relationships among these quantities and acceleration. In this lab you will continue to develop the first two of Newton’s famous laws of motion. To develop consistent statements of Newton’s first and second laws of motion for one dimensional motion (along a straight line) for any number of one dimensional forces acting on an object.To examine the mathematical relationship between force, mass, and acceleration–Newton’s second law–in terms of the SI units (N for force, kg for mass, and m/s 2 for acceleration).To find a mathematical relationship between the acceleration of an object and its mass when a constant force is applied–Newton’s second law.To develop a definition of mass in terms of an object’s acceleration under the influence of a force.
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